If end to end delay is given by dend-end = N(dproc + dtrans + dprop) is a non congested network. The number of routers between source and destination is?(a) N/2(b) N(c) N-1(d) 2NI got this question in exam.My question is based upon Delays and Loss topic in division Security & Physical Layer of Computer Network

If end to end delay is given by dend-end = N(dproc + dtrans + dprop) i

1.	If end to end delay is given by dend-end = N(dproc + dtrans + dprop) is a non congested network. The number of routers between source and destination is?(a) N/2(b) N(c) N-1(d) 2NI got this question in exam.My question is based upon Delays and Loss topic in division Security & Physical Layer of Computer Network
Answer» Right option is (c) N-1 The best I can explain: In the equation N (dproc + dtrans + dprop), N is the NUMBER of checkpoints/stops that the packet makes as it REACHES the destination. The stops are made at each router and the final destination NODE. Now, since N = number of routers + final node, then number of routers = N – final node. As we know, there is only 1 final node in a PATH, thus, number of routers = N – 1. Suppose, There is a path A->R1->R2->B for a packet where A is the SOURCE node, B is the final node and R1 and R2 are routers. The total delay would be given by N (dproc + dtrans + dprop) where N = 3, since the packet would stop at R1, R2 and B. The number of routers here are 2, and (N – 1) is also 2.

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