1.

Illustrate Rutherford’s experiment to explain the model of an atom.

Answer»

Rutherford’s scattering experiment: He selected a very thin gold foil to be bombarded with fast moving α-particles – which are doubly positively charged ‘He’ ions.
The fast moving a-particles have a considerable amount of K. E. to hit the gold atoms.
Observations:

  • Most of the α-particles passed straight through the foil without any deflection.
  • One out of 12,000 particles appeared to rebound.

Inference:

  • There is a positive centre inside the atom at the centre, called nucleus.
  • The electrons revolve around the nucleus in well defined orbits.
  • The size of the nucleus is very small as compared to the size of the atom.


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