In Ammonia molecule the bond angle is 107°18 and in water molecule it

1.	In Ammonia molecule the bond angle is 107°18 and in water molecule it is 104°35′, although in both the central atoms are sp3 hybridized Explain.
Answer» i. The ammonia molecule has sp³ hybridization.The expected bond angle is 109°28′. But the actual bond angle is 107°28′. It is due to the following reasons. One lone pair and three bond pairs are present in ammonia molecule. The strength of lone pair-bond pair repulsion is much higher than that of bond pair-bond pair repulsion. Due to these repulsions, there is a small decrease in bond angle (~2°) from 109°28′ to 107°18′. ii. The water molecule has sp³ hybridization. The expected bond angle is 109°28′. But the actual bond angle is 104°35′. It is due to the following reasons. Two lone pairs and two bond pairs are present in water molecule. The decreasing order of the repulsion is Lone pair-Lone pair > Lone pair-Bond pair > Bond pair-Bond pair. Due to these repulsions, there is a small decrease in bond angle (~5°) from 109°28′ to 104°35′.

In Ammonia molecule the bond angle is 107°18 and in water molecule it is 104°35′, although in both the central atoms are sp3 hybridized Explain.

Answer»

i. The ammonia molecule has sp³ hybridization.The expected bond angle is 109°28′. But the actual bond angle is 107°28′.

It is due to the following reasons.

One lone pair and three bond pairs are present in ammonia molecule.
The strength of lone pair-bond pair repulsion is much higher than that of bond pair-bond pair repulsion.
Due to these repulsions, there is a small decrease in bond angle (~2°) from 109°28′ to 107°18′.

ii. The water molecule has sp³ hybridization. The expected bond angle is 109°28′. But the actual bond angle is 104°35′.

It is due to the following reasons.

Two lone pairs and two bond pairs are present in water molecule.
The decreasing order of the repulsion is Lone pair-Lone pair > Lone pair-Bond pair > Bond pair-Bond pair.
Due to these repulsions, there is a small decrease in bond angle (~5°) from 109°28′ to 104°35′.