The correct answer is Iraq.

• India’s top crude oil supplier
  • Iraq has, for the second year in a row, become India’s top crude oil supplier, meeting more than a fifth of the country’s oil needs in the 2018-19 fiscal year. Hence, Option 2 is correct.
  • According to data sourced from the Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics, Iraq sold 46.61 million tonnes (mt) of crude oil to India during April 2018 and March 2019, 2% more than 45.74 mt it had supplied in the 2017-18 fiscal.
  • India provisionally imported 207.3 mt of crude oil in 2018-19, down from 220.4 mt in the previous financial year.
  • Saudi Arabia has traditionally been India’s top oil source, but it was for the first time dethroned by Iraq in the 2017-18 fiscal year.
  • In 2018-19, Saudi exported 40.33 mt of crude oil, up from 36.16 mt of oil sold in the previous year.
  • While India stopped importing crude oil from Iran following the reimposition of economic sanctions this month by the U.S., the Persian Gulf nation was the third-largest crude oil supplier to India. It sold 23.9 mt of crude in 2018-19, up from 22.59 mt in the previous year, according to the data.
  • UAE topped Venezuela to become India’s fourth-largest crude supplier.
  • It sold 17.49 mt of crude oil to India. In 2017-18, Venezuela had supplied 18.34 mt and UAE 14.29 mt.
  • Nigeria was the next biggest supplier with 16.83 mt of exports in 2018-19, down from 18.11 mt in the previous year. Kuwait supplied 10.78 mt of oil and Mexico another 10.28 mt.
  • The U.S., which began selling crude oil to India in 2017, is fast becoming a major source.
  • Supplies from the U.S. jumped more than fourfold to 6.4 mt in the 2018-19 fiscal year. In 2017-18, the first year of imports from the U.S., the supplies were at 1.4 mt.
  • Iran was India’s second-biggest supplier of crude oil after Saudi Arabia till 2010-11, but western sanctions over its suspected nuclear program relegated it to the seventh spot in subsequent years.