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It is the human earth that we defile.Our hells of fire and dust outrage the innocenceOf air that is everywhere our own,Remember, no men are foreign, and no countries strange.Questions :(1) How do we defile the human earth?(2) Identify the Figure of Speech in the line:‘Our hells of fire and dust outrage the innocence’.(3) What does the poet mean by the words ‘innocence of air that is everywhere our own.’

Answer»

(1) We defile the human earth by hating each other and causing enmity among us. People of the world usually fight for their ego or power by waging war to no gain. This is how we defile the earth.

(2) The Figures of Speech in the line – ‘Our hells of fire and dust outrage the innocence’ are

  • Metaphor and
  • Personification

(i) There is an implicit comparison of‘ hells of fire and dust’. Even ‘fire and dust’ stand for ‘war’. When war takes place we find nothing but mere destruction, i.e., ‘fire and dust’.
(ii) Personification because ‘hells’ are attributed human quality of ‘enraging’.

(3) Here the words – ‘innocence of air’ suggest that usually air is non-polluted but when war takes place, it is because of ‘fire and dust’ the air gets polluted and that is ‘enragement’.



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