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KangarooBullfrogHumanSharkPlacentaMammaryGlandsTwo pairsof limbsVertebrae4. Answer the following questions.a) How many phylogenetic characters are studied?b) Which organisms are more closely related?c) Which organism is the outgroup? |
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Answer» Answer: see below Explanation: A cladogram is the GRAPHICAL representation of the hypothetical relationship (phylogenetic relationship) between different groups of organisms. It is used in the phylogenetic analysis of organisms to determine the evolutionary relationship between them. The cladogram is derived from Greek WORDS clados and gramma where ‘clados’ means branch and ‘gramma’ means characters. It is an unscaled representation of a phylogenetic analysis where only the topography of the diagram matters. HOWEVER, it doesn’t have any time axis and is instead a simple diagram that summarises a pattern of characters among different organisms. Although a cladogram includes hypothetical ancestors to derive a relationship, it is the starting point for further analysis. |
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