Land includes all that is provided by nature as a free gift for use by mankind. No productive operation is possible without land. It is the original source of all material wealth.

Four factors that influence the productivity of land:

1. Natural Factors: Productivity of land is largely determined by its natural qualities such as fertility, slope of land, climate, chemical and biological properties of the soil. 

2. Human Factors: Productivity of land also depends upon the knowledge and training of workers. A wise farmer can take more produce from the same land than an untrained farmer. 

3. Improvement on Land: Productivity of land is affected by land development measures like provision of well or tube-well irrigation, proper drainage, fencing, etc. 

4. Location of Land: The location of land also affects the productivity of land. Land located near the market is supposed to be more productive than land at a distant place, as it will not require extra amount to bring the produce to the market. If it is situated away from the market, farmer will have to pay more for transportation of the produce to the market.