Causes for communalism:

(a) Policy of the British rule: The discriminatory policies of the Britishers regarding divide and rule destroyed the unity between Hindus and Muslims. Bengal was divided in 1905 on the basis of religion. Communal electorate for Muslims was introduced through 1909 Act. All these intensified the causes of communalism.

(b) Hindu-Muslim Nationalism: Communal organisations were formed by separatists. In 1906 Muslim League and Hindu Mahasabha came into existence. Mohammad Ali Jinnah created a sense of separateness among Muslims and became the champion of two-nation theory based on religion. These developments led to distrust between Hindus and Muslims.

(c) Communal riots: It took place in India after independence in large scale. Religious minorities both in India and Pakistan were exploited the situation and torcher each other. Later communal riots occurred in many places of the country which finally leads to the demolition of Babri Masjid at Ayodya on 6^th December 1992.

(d) Politically manipulated: In India many issues are politically manipulated by leaders for their selfish gain. This leads to hatred among communities.

(e) Communality in organization: Different communities in India established their own organisations based on communality to support particular political parties for their interest.