It is also given names asIndianRebellion,IndianMutiny as well asIndianRevolt. The maincausesof theWarwere political, social, economical, military and religious. ... At the same time, anIndiansepoy killed two British officers at Barrack pore, when he was forced to use greased cartridges.

1. Doctrine of lapse which snatched the kingdoms of princes without legal heirs was one of the majorcausesoffirst war of independence. 2. Economic exploitation of people in the form of taxes, land revenue etc was another maincause of first war of independence.

Causes of 1857 Revolt

Political Causes

The imperialist policy of the East India Company was an important factor. The Company interfered in the internal matters of Indian States and followed the policy of divide and rule. The subsidiary alliance and the Doctrine of Lapse of Dalhousie angered Indian Princes. The policy of Doctrine of Lapse was applied not only to Princes but also big Zamindars. Because of all these reasons Kings, Princes, their courtiers and disbanded soldiers and tenants were enraged with the British.

Administrative Causes

The British introduced a new system of administration by which they replaced the traditional system. So many local administration personnel became unemployed and so turned against the British. The introduction of “Rule of Law” and “Equality before Law” was looked upon with suspicion by the traditional Hindus and Muslims, who were governed by the laws of Dharmshastras and Shariyat. Indians were not allowed to get higher jobs in the administration, and the salaries paid to them were far less than those of their English counter-parts. This was against the policy of equality before law which the Britishers professed.

Economic Causes

The East India Company followed a policy of exploiting India economically. They utilized the sources and wealth of India for their own ends. After Industrial Revolution imports from England augmented. The British created monopoly on trade in their favour. They converted India into a supplier of raw materials and a market for their finished goods. This resulted in unemployment of Indian artisans and craftsmen. Thus traditional handicrafts suffered. The land revenue policies of the British were detrimental to the farmers.

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