The major problems which need fresh initiatives for development in rural India are as follows:

1. Development of human resources: The development of human resources include promotion of literacy particularly female literacy, education and skill development, providing health care by addressing both sanitation and public health. 

2. Land reforms: The land reforms include ceiling on land holdings, prevention of fragmentation and subdivision of land and making the tiller as the owner of the land.

3. Infrastructure development: The development of infrastructure like provision of electricity, irrigation, banking, marketing, transportation (village roads, feeder roads to nearby highways), agricultural research centres, information, etc.

4. Poverty alleviation measures: Special measures for poverty alleviation and bringing progress among weaker sections of the population and giving importance to productive employment opportunities are also part of the major issues of rural economy.