1.

List the materials used to make beads in the Harappan civilisation. Describe the process by which any one kind of beads are made.

Answer»

Solution :Making beads was an important craft of the Harappan people. It was mainly prevalent in Chanhudaro.
(a) Used a variety of materials to make beads such as (i) stones like carnelian, crystal, steatite, jasper, quartz, (ii) Metals like copper, bronze, gold, shell, faience and TERRACOTTA or BURNT CLAY.
(b) The beads were made in humerous shapes such as disc-shape, barrel shaped, segmented. They did not make geometrical shapes like one made of harder stones.
Process of making beads:
(a) Making of beads differed as per the materials used. Beads had variety of shapes.
Nodules were to be chipped for making rough shapes. They were finally flaked into the final form.
(b) By FORMING the YELLOWISH raw material, and beads at various stages, the red colour of carnelian was obtained. Grinding, polishing and drilling constituted the last phase. Chanhudaro, Lothal and Dholavira were famous for specialized drilling.


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