The different programs required ALPs converted into code memory bit charges are:

a). An operating system program, which controls the operation of the personal computer used for the entire programming process. DOS is the operating system program used by many PCs. Windows is another.

b). A word processing, often called a text editor program. Programs in assembly language mnemonics are written using the text editor and stored on a disk as files that, normally, end in the extension asm. The asm files are intended for the use of another program called the assembler programs. Any text editor that can produce an ASCII (text) file is suitable for writing assembly language, asm files.

c). An assembler program, which takes the. asm assembly language program file and converts it to a machine code, obj file. The assembler converts the ASCII mnemonic text file into an. obj file that contains machine code instructions to the CPU, in binary form.

d). A testing program, which lets you run and test your program under controlled conditions. Testing your program is the most important step of the programming process. To be able to test program one must be able to execute each instruction and see the results. Utility programs that allow the user to test programs are called debuggers or simulators.