The main factors that influence rainfall are as follows:

1. Latitude: The latitudes of any area are responsible for the rainfall in that area. As we proceed towards the poles from the equator, the distribution of rainfall decreases. The equatorial region receives more rainfall due to higher heat reception, and on the contrary, the rainfall is very less due to lesser receipt of heat in polar regions. 

2. Prevailing winds: The condition of transmission of the winds found in any area is the controlling factor of rain. The more warm and dry the air is, its capacity to hold moisture increases and if the air is less dry then this is an obstruction in its tendency to hold moisture. 

3. Water Currents: Precipitation is controlled by the presence of cold and hot water currents found in the world. If the wind passes above the hot water streams, they become more dry but they hold more moisture also. On the contrary, cold streams reduce the capacity of the winds to retain moisture.

4. Distance from sea: This factor plays an important role in causing rainfall. Wind often absorbs moisture from the oceans and causes rainfall in the terrestrial part. As the distance increases from the sea, the amount of moisture in the air continues to decrease. 

5. Water and land conditions: According to the position of water and land, the nature of the wind is determined. According to the condition of these two, the sea and terrestrial winds blow. In areas where the sea winds move, the amount of rainfall is high, whereas the terrestrial winds are often dry of produce less rainfall. 

6. Location and orientation of mountains: The mountains are an important factor in controlling rain. If the location of the mountains causes obstruction of moisturized winds then the amount of rain is high, whereas, when the direction of the mountains is parallel to the winds, there is less rainfall due to the absence of obstruction. 

7. Height: Along with increase in height from the sea level, there is decrease in temperature. Rain pattern is also controlled by this variation of temperature.