Name the type of immunity that is present at the time of birth in huma

1.	Name the type of immunity that is present at the time of birth in humans. Explain any two ways by which it is accomplished.
Answer» Innate immunity is present at the time of birth in humans. It is accomplished by providing different types of barriers. (a) Physical barriers: These barriers do not allow pathogens and foreign agents to enter the body, e.g., skin, mucous membranes of digestive, respiratory and urinogenital tracts trapping microorganisms. (b) Physiological barriers: Sweat, tears, acid in the stomach and saliva prevent microbial growth. (c) Cellular barriers: WBCs (polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes, natural killer lymphocytes) and macrophages phagocytose and destroy microbes. (d) Cytokine barriers: Interferons produced by virus-infected cells protect non-infected cells from further viral infection.

Name the type of immunity that is present at the time of birth in humans. Explain any two ways by which it is accomplished.

Answer»

Innate immunity is present at the time of birth in humans. It is accomplished by providing different types of barriers.

(a) Physical barriers: These barriers do not allow pathogens and foreign agents to enter the body, e.g., skin, mucous membranes of digestive, respiratory and urinogenital tracts trapping microorganisms.

(b) Physiological barriers: Sweat, tears, acid in the stomach and saliva prevent microbial growth.

(c) Cellular barriers: WBCs (polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes, natural killer lymphocytes) and macrophages phagocytose and destroy microbes.

(d) Cytokine barriers: Interferons produced by virus-infected cells protect non-infected cells from further viral infection.

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