Nitrogen forms a number of oxides and oxoacids. a) Which of the follo

1.	Nitrogen forms a number of oxides and oxoacids. a) Which of the following is a neutral oxide of Nitrogen.i) N2Oii) N2O5iii) NO2iv) N2O4b) Prepare a short write – up on Nitric acid high lighting its laboratory preparation, chemical properties and uses.ORPhosphorous forms a number of compounds.a) The gas liberated when calcium phosphide is treated with die. HCl isi) Clii) H2iii) PH3iv) All the aboveb) Prepare a short write up on PCl3 and PCI5 highlighting the preparation and chemical properties of PCl3 and structure of PCl5.
Answer» a) i) N₂O b) Laboratory preparation: In the laboratory, nitric acid is prepared by heating KNO₃ or NaNO₃ and concentrated H₂SO₄ in a glass retort. NaNO₃ + H₂SO₄ → NaHSO₄ + HNO₃ Uses: in the manufacture of ammonium nitrate for fertilisers and other nitrates for use in explosives and pyrotechnics; for the preparation of nitroglycerin, trinitrotoluene and other organic nitro compounds; in the pickling of stainless steel etching of metals and oxidiser in rocket fuels. OR a) iii) PH₃ b) Preparation of PCI₃: By passing dry chlorine over heated shite phosphorus. P₄ + 6Cl₂ → 4PCl₃ Or, by the action of thionyl chloride with white phosphorus. P₄ + 8SOCl₂ → 4PCI₃ + 4SO₂ + 2S₂Cl₂ Properties of PCI₃: It is a colourless oily liquid and hydrolyses in the presence of moisture. Hence, it fumes in moist air. PCI₃ + 3H₂O → H₃PO₃ + 3HCI Structure of PCI₅: In gaseous and liquid phases, PCI₅ has a trigonal bipyramidal structure. The three equational P – CI bonds are equivalent, while the two axial bonds are longer than equatorial bonds. This is due to the fact that the axial bond pairs suffer more repulsion as compared to equatorial bond pairs.

Nitrogen forms a number of oxides and oxoacids. a) Which of the following is a neutral oxide of Nitrogen.i) N2Oii) N2O5iii) NO2iv) N2O4b) Prepare a short write – up on Nitric acid high lighting its laboratory preparation, chemical properties and uses.ORPhosphorous forms a number of compounds.a) The gas liberated when calcium phosphide is treated with die. HCl isi) Clii) H2iii) PH3iv) All the aboveb) Prepare a short write up on PCl3 and PCI5 highlighting the preparation and chemical properties of PCl3 and structure of PCl5.

Answer»

a) i) N₂O

b) Laboratory preparation: In the laboratory, nitric acid is prepared by heating KNO₃ or NaNO₃ and concentrated H₂SO₄ in a glass retort.

NaNO₃ + H₂SO₄ → NaHSO₄ + HNO₃

Uses: in the manufacture of ammonium nitrate for fertilisers and other nitrates for use in explosives and pyrotechnics; for the preparation of nitroglycerin, trinitrotoluene and other organic nitro compounds; in the pickling of stainless steel etching of metals and oxidiser in rocket fuels.

a) iii) PH₃

b) Preparation of PCI₃: By passing dry chlorine over heated shite phosphorus.

P₄ + 6Cl₂ → 4PCl₃

Or, by the action of thionyl chloride with white phosphorus.

P₄ + 8SOCl₂ → 4PCI₃ + 4SO₂ + 2S₂Cl₂

Properties of PCI₃: It is a colourless oily liquid and hydrolyses in the presence of moisture. Hence, it fumes in moist air.

PCI₃ + 3H₂O → H₃PO₃ + 3HCI

Structure of PCI₅: In gaseous and liquid phases, PCI₅ has a trigonal bipyramidal structure. The three equational P – CI bonds are equivalent, while the two axial bonds are longer than equatorial bonds. This is due to the fact that the axial bond pairs suffer more repulsion as compared to equatorial bond pairs.

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