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Nivarthana prakshobham |
| Answer» <html><body><p>tion:NIVARTHANA MOVEMENT.This movement was one of the stormiest agitations in the <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/history-873" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about HISTORY">HISTORY</a> of modernThiruvithamkur.It is called the Nivarthana or Abstention agitation because the agitatorshave decided to abstain from participating in the elections to the legislature.The genesis ofthe Abstention movement can be traced back to the policy of discrimination followed bythe Government of Travancore in providing representation to various castes andcommunities in the legislature and public services.Since the formation of the legislature in1888, it was represented by the Savarnas while the bulk of the population comprising thelower castes had no adequate representation in that body.As the main qualification forvoting was payment of property tax, the Avarnas got practically no representation in thelegislature.The <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/legislative-540819" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about LEGISLATIVE">LEGISLATIVE</a> reforms of 1932 made permanent the property qualification.TheEzhavas, the Muslims and theChristians apprehended that the new reforms, would securefor them far less number of seats in the legislature than they were entitled to on a strictpopulation basis.They feared that the Nairs would get more seats than what they reallydeserved.Therefore these communities demanded that they should be given representationin the legislature in proportion to their numerical strength.The passing of the legislative Reforms Act,1932 was the signal for the beginning ofa state wide agitation.The agitationists demanded reservation of seats to differentcommunities in proportion to their numerical strength.As the Government’s attitude wasnot favourable the Abstentionists formed an organisation of their own to achieve theirdemands.They called it Joint Political Congress or Samyuktha Rashtriya Samithi. In ameeting <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/held-7620091" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about HELD">HELD</a> on Jan <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/25-296426" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about 25">25</a>, 1933, the Samithi took the momentous decision to abstain fromvoting in the elections to the legislature.Thus was born the Abstention agitation.As thosecommunities – Ezhavas,Christians and Muslims-formed about more than 2/3rds of thepopulation,the agitation had the characteristic of a mass struggle.The Abstentionistscarried on a vigorous agitation all over the state against the new constitutional reforms.Itwas in connection with the Abstention movement that C. Kesavan delivered his famousspeech at Kozhencherry (11 May,1935) for which he was arrested and punished.Although the government adopted a policy of repression, it conceded the demandsof the agitationists.It appointed a public service commissioner to ensure fair representationto the backward communities in public services. It reduced the property qualification bywidening the franchise.The Government also agreed to allot a specific number of seats in the legislature for the three communities.The final outcome of this agitation was to break up the monopoly of political power enjoyed by the upper caste Hindus.It also marked the end of constitutional agitation and the beginning of direct action in politics. It also paved the way for the formation of Travancore State Congress and the Cochin State Praja Mandal. The agitation thus fulfilled its objectives.</p></body></html> | |