The flow of energy between various components of the environment occur as : Solar energy is trap and fixed by the producers (plants) and is converted into biomass.

Primary consumer (Herbivore) absorbs this stored energy in plants through digestion and transforms it into the form of energy that they are needed.

Secondary consumer (carnivore) consume primary consumer and absorbed the stored energy through the process of digestion.

The last link in the food chain is that of decomposer which break down organic matter of the top consumer and release it into the soil. They also break down plants, herbivores and carnivores that are not eaten by organisms on the food chain.

The follow of energy in an ecosystem at each trophic level and each time about 90% of the energy is lost, which is being lost as heat into the environment and some lost as incompletely digested food.

At each trophic level about 10% of the energy the previous trophic level is passed to the next food chain. This is known as 10% law.

The proces is well explained with the help of an animation in your study material at