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Out of benzene, m-dinitrobenzene and toluene which will undergo nitration most easily and why ? |
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Answer» Solution :The ease of nitration depends on the presence of electron density on the compound to form nitrates. Nitration reaction are examples of electrophilic substitution reactions where an electron-rich species is attacked by a nitronium ion `(NO_(2)^(-))`. Now, `CH_(3)^(-)` group is electron DONATING and `NO_(2)^(-)` is electron withdrawing. Therefore, toluene will have maximum electron density among the three COMPOUNDS followed by benzene. On the other hand, m-Dinitrobenzene will have the LEAST electron density. Hence, it will undergo nitration with difficulty. Hence, the INCREASING order of nitration is as FOLLOWS : 
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