a. Ginning machine- Eli Whitney invented and patented an automatic Ginning machine which was a simple yet effective way of separating cottonseed from short staple cotton fibre.

b. Jacquard loom- In 1804 refinement and complexity in woven textile patterns came in the form of the Jacquard loom named after the designer Joseph Jacquard. This loom invented a way of automatically controlling the warp and weft threads.

c. Sewing machine- The invention of the sewing machine by was revolutionary. It in spired the first domestic sewing machine by Issac Singer in 1851. In the 19th century, the sewing machine brought the principle of assembly-line, which led eventually to mass production, standardization of sizes and ready-to-wear clothing, sold in departmental stores.

d. Progress in dyes and colours- active scientific research made a lot of progress in colours and dyes.Sir Isaac Newton had earlier isolated the principal colours of the spectrum -red, yellow and blue of which the other tones were only mixtures 

e. Principle of Colour mixing – Johan Tobias Mayer explained the principles of colour mixing, obtaining several new shades. The new possibilities of colour provided textile manufacturers with numerous colour combinations.

f. First synthetic dye- In 1856 Sir William Perkin invented the first synthetic dye.