32.

1. A major fraction of the α-particles bombarded towards the gold SHEET passed through it without any deflection, and hence most of the space in an atom is empty.

2. Some of the α-particles were deflected by the gold sheet by very small ANGLES, and hence the positive charge in an atom is not uniformly distributed. The positive charge in an atom is concentrated in a very small volume.

3. Very few of the α-particles were deflected back, that is only a few α-particles had nearly 180o angle of deflection. So the volume occupied by the positively CHARGED particles in an atom is very small as compared to the total volume of an atom.

33.

1. If the mass of ONE object is double, force will also be double. Reason :- Force between two object is directly proportional to product of their masses.

2. If the distance between them is double then force force between them will become 1/4 times and if distance between them is triple then force between them become 1/9 times. Reason :- Force between two object is inversely proportional to the square of distance between them.

3. Masses of both object is double then force will become 4 times.