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Question : Describe various laws based on monohybrid experiment. |
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Answer» Solution :The study of inheritance of a single pair of alleles or factors of a trait at a time (monohybrid cross) is called ONE gene inheritance. = Based on his observations on monohybrid crosses, MENDEL proposed two general rules in order to consolidate his understanding of inheritance in monohybrid crosses. = These rules are called the principles or laws of inheritance. = They are : =Law of Dominance (First Law) : (i) Characters are controlled by discrete units called factor. (ii) Factors OCCUR in pairs. (iii) In a dissimilar pair of factors, one member of the pair is dominant while the other is recessive. = This law is USED to explain the expression of only one of the parental characters in a monohybrid cross in the `F_1` GENERATION and the expression of both in the `F_2` generation. It also explains the proportion of 3 : 1 ratio obtained in the `F_2` generation. =Law of Segregation (Second Law) :This law states that though the parents contain two alleles during gamete formation the factors or alleles of a pair segregate from each other, such that gamete receives only one of the two factors. = Hence, the alleles do not show any blending and both the characters are recovered as such in the `F_2` generation, though one of these is not seen in the `F_1` generation |
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