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Question : Describethe morphology ofthyroidgland. Add a noteon functionsof thyroidhormonesin humans.

Answer»

SOLUTION :Morphology of thyroidgland :
(1) Thyroidis the largestendocrinegland in the body. Weighingto aboutto and measuresaboutin lengthand cm inwidthbut it canvaryin size asperage, sexand diet.
(2) It islocatedin the neckregionanteriorlyjust belowthe larynxand situated ventrolaterallyto thetrachea.
(3) Itis reddishbrown,H-shaped bilobed and highly vasculargland.
(4) THETWO lobesare joinedby connectivetissuecalled isthmuswhich islocatedat 2ndto 4th tracheal cartilage.

2. Functions of Thyroidhormones :
(1) Thyroxineis the mainmetabolic hormone in the bodythat maintains basalmetabolicrate (BMR)by increasing glucoseoxidation. It bringsabout calorigenic effectby energyproduction.
(2) Thephysicalgrowth, development of gonads anddevelopment of mentalfacultiesis under THECONTROL of thyroxine.
(3) Body weight, respirationrate,HEARTRATE,bloodpressure, temperature , digestionand proteinsynthesis , ETC. are regulated by thyroxine.
(4) Thyrocalcitoninregulatesbloodcalcium level.


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