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Question : Gradual changes in the species composition of a given area leading to the formation of climax community is called ecological succession in a rocky area.How does thi pioneer species lead to the establishment of a stable climax community ?

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Solution :Crustose LICHEN absorbs moisture and they secrete carbonic ACID to dissolve rocks. It BRINGS about weathering of rocks and soil formation. Through death and decay of lichen the soil becomes fertile. LATER it is occupied by mosses which hold soil. It is further succeded by herbs, SHRUBS and trees.


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