Question : since DNA is a hydrophilic molecule,it cannot pass throught cel membrances.Name and explain the technique with the DNA is forced into (i) a bacterial cell (ii) a plant cell (iii) an animal cell.

Question : since DNA is a hydrophilic molecule,it cannot pass throught

1.	Question : since DNA is a hydrophilic molecule,it cannot pass throught cel membrances.Name and explain the technique with the DNA is forced into (i) a bacterial cell (ii) a plant cell (iii) an animal cell.
Answer» Solution :CHEMICAL treatment:treated with divalent cation such as Calcium) and EXPOSURE to cold and high temp. (`42^2` C)alternatively (Bacterial CELL) (ii) BIOLISTICS or gene gun (Plant cell ).In this method GOLD and tungsten particles,coasted with DNA are bombarded with high velocity (iii) Micro-injection,(animal cell).In this method r DNA is directly injected into the nucleus of an animal cell