Question : State and explain any three factors affecting allele freque

1.	Question : State and explain any three factors affecting allele frequency in populations.
Answer» Solution :(i) Gene migration or gene flow: It involves either EMIGRATION or immi,gration. When migration of a section of POPULATION to another place and population OCCURS, gene frequencies change in the original as wen as in the new population. New genes/ALLELES are added to the new population and these are lost from the old population. There would be a gene flow if this gene migration happens multiple times. (ii) Genetic drift: If the same change occurs by chance, it is called genetic drift. Sometimes the change in allele frequency is so different in the new sample ofpopuJation that they become a different species. The original drifted population becomes founders and the effect is called founder effect. (Hi) Mutation : These are sudden, large, spontaneous and inheritable CHANGES in the genetic material. Microbial experiments show that pre-existing advantageous mutations when selected will result in observation of new phenotypes. Over few generations, this would result in speciation. Natural selection is a process in which heritable variations enabling better survival are enabled to reproduce and leave greater number of progeny. Mutations induces new genes and alleles in the gene pool.

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