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Question : The following summaries describe some published research resutls. Research 1. Wu and Li (1985): The comparative analysis of homologous genes between human and mouse genomens suggests that the evolutionary rate of homologous genes was higher in the mouse lineage than in the human lineage. Research 2. Smith and Donohe (2008) : The plant families Caprifoliacease, Asclepiadeceae and Lamiaceae are compsed of both herbaceous and arborescent speciers. The comparative analysis of homologous genes between the herbaceous and arborescent species within a single plant family suggests that the evolutionary rate of homologous genesin herbaceous lineages were faster than of arborescent lineages in all three plant familes. Research 3. Gilman et al. (2009): The comparative analysis of 130 homologous mitochondrial genes between a sister species pari of vertebrates from the temperate region and from the tropical region indicate that the base substituion rates of homologous genes from the tropical region are 1.7 times faster than that of the temperate region. Based on these studies which of the following statements best describes the common evolutionary processes in plant and animal genes?

Answer»

The EVOLUTIONARY rates of genes are accelerated in shot-lived animals and plants.
The evolutionary rates of genes are accelerated in higher animals and plants.
The evolutionary rates of genes are accelerated in animals and plants which lived in higher temperature REGIONS.
Direct comparisons of homologous genes between animals and plants show that the plants evolve faster than animals.

Solution :Shor-lived species with quick generation replacement usually evolve at a faster rate than do LARGE, long-lived species. This is because NEW genetic variations. Normally appear in each generatin as a consequency of mutations in sex cells. Those variations may be selected for or against depending on the environment at the time. As a consequence, quickerreproductive cycles generally result in speeded up sepcies divergence. Speciation is genrally a functionof time, unlike temperate regions which were subjected to frequent glaciations in the past, tropical latitudes have remained relatively UNDISTURBED for millions of years and thus, have a long evolutionary time for species diversification.


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