Question : The gametophyte is not an independent, free living generation in
Answer»
Adiantum Marchantia Pinus Polytrichum
Solution :(c) In GYMNOSPERMS, (e.g. Pinus, Cycas, etc.) the MALE and female gametophytes do not have and independent free-living EXISTENCE. They remain within the SPORANGIARETAINED on the sporophytes.