Read the passage given belowMankind’s experience of various evolutionary changes from primitive times to the present day has been extensive and varied. However, man’s problems were never before as complicated as they seem to be today. Man’s economic activity centres primarily around factor of production ; its role, therefore , has been given a lot of importance. It should be useful to have an overall view of the economic history of man – from the nomadic times to the modern factory system – and study its relevance to the various labour problems of today.Initially, man passed through ‘the hunting and fishing stage’. During this period, his basic needs were adequately met by Nature. Wild animals, birds and fruits satisfied his hunger, and his thirst was quenched by the waters of springs and rivers. Caves gave him shelter and barks of trees were used as clothing. During this stage of man’s progress of the absence of any economic, political and social system.Then came ‘the pastoral stage’, which was marked by a certain amount of economic activity. The nomadic and migratory nature of man persisted, and , together with his goats and cattle, he moved on to fresh pastures and meadows. Some conflicts would sometimes take place among herd owners, for, during this period , the institution of nominal private property ownership was not known.This stage paves the way for ‘the agricultural stage’ during which the class system began to develop. There was a small artisan class mostly self-employed; and there were also landed properties or Zamindars as well as slaves. Thus, arose the feudal system. During the fourth stage of these developments, ‘the handicrafts stage’, a number of social and economic changes took place which marked the beginning of the labour problem in the world. The self – sufficient economy of the village underwent a drastic change. The community of traders and merchants emerged.1. Humanity’s evolution from primitive stage to the present has been a) Static and smooth b) Huge and diversified c) Always violent d) Always peaceful 2. ….. “man’s problem were never before as complicated as they seem to be today” means a) The present times are the best times of humanity b) The present times are the crucial period for humanity c) The present times pose much more challenges to humans than the previous times d) The present times provide much more facilities than the previous times. 3. Why does the author say that labour problems did not exist during ‘the hunting and fishing stage’? a) There was no nation existing at that time b) There were no economic, political and social system c) There was no capitalism and market d) There was no labour 4. “The pastoral stage was marked by a certain amount of economic activity.” How? a) Humans started migrating and held goat-herds b) Humans started owning land c) Conflicts started as humans owned goats d) Humans started doing agriculture. 5. Which word in the passage means ‘surfaced’? a) Quenched b) Emerged c) Nomadic d) Adequately 6. What were the consequences of Feudal system? a) The handcrafters become very rich b) The handicrafts stage led to labour problems c) The villagers were jobless d) The beginning of the labour issues and evolving of the traders and merchants. 7. Arrange in the right order: A) Handicraft stage B) The hunting and fishing stage C) Pastoral stage D) The agricultural stage a) D,B,C,A b) D,B, A, C c) B,C,D,A d) B,C,A,D 8. The passage over all pictures – a) The labour issues b) The stages of man’s development professionally and economically. c) Wild animals and birds in Nature d) Nomadic man and modern man.