Theory of relative deprivation- 

• Social conflict arises when a social group feels that it is worse off than another around it. 
• Role of psychological factors such as resentment and rage. 
• The limitations of this theory are that while perceptions of deprivation may be necessary condition for collective action but not a sufficient reason in themselves. 

The logic of collective action- 

• Mancour Olson’s book argues that a social movement is an aggregation of rational individual actors pursing their self-interest. 
• A person will join a social movement only if there was something to be gained from it. 
• Mcarthy and Zald rejected Olson’s assumptions that social movements are made up of individuals pursuing their self interest 

Resource mobilization theory- 

• It depends on ability to mobilize resources or means of different sorts. 
• Critics argue that a social movement is not limited by existing resource. It can create resources such as new symbols and identities. 
• Scarcity of resources need not be a constraint.