| Indus Civilization | Vedic Civilization |
| 1. The sources of information are mainly archaeological. | Vedic Culture is mostly known from literary sources. |
| 2. Harappans are said to have been the original inhabitants of India. | The Aryans are believed to have come from Central Asia. |
| 3. The Harappan civilization was urban in nature. They had very good Town planning, drainage system. | 3. Vedic culture was rural and pastoral. At best the Rig vedic Aryans lived in fortified places protected by mud walls; they cannot be regarded as towns in the Harappan sense. |
| 4. Trade (both internal and external) crafts as well as industries were the main sources of economy. | Vedic economy was initially pastoral and later became based upon agriculture and cattle rearing. |
| 5. Indus people did not know the use of iron. It was purly a copper, bronze culture | In vedic culture, in its later phase is replete with references of iron. |
| 6. The Indus valley people did not know about the animal horse. | The horse played a decisive role in the Aryan system of warfare. |
| 7. Indus people were basically peace loving. | Aryans were warlike people and were conversant with all kinds of traditional arms and armour. |
