The case issue in the study of political science are the state and the government. The institution of state is studied in relation to its origin, nature, aims, and functions of the state. 

There are 4 important theories about the origin of the state. The are :

• Force theory 
• Evolutionary theory 
• Divine Right theory 
• Social contract theory

The Divine Origin Theory of the state is the oldest theory concerning the primary origin of state. According to this theory, the state is established by had who rules the state directly or indirectly through someone regarded as an agent.

The evolutionary theory is also known as sociological or correct theory of the origin of the state. This theory helps in understanding the forces and actors which created the state and historical stage through which it passed.

The Force Theory of the sate origin is none of the oldest theories on origin of the sate. The idea contained in force theory is that the state originated due to force exerted by the strong over the weak.

The social contract theory states that the origin of the sate is through the contract of people. People formed sate in order to satisfy their requirements.