• El Nino and La Nino are the names given to the changes in winds in the Pacific Ocean. 
• El Nino and La Nino are formally called ‘The small boy’ and ‘The little girl’.
• La Nino and El Nino come about when the waters of the eastern and central Pacific Ocean along the equator become usually cold or warm. 
• These changes in the Pacific produce swings in atmospheric pressure, winds, temperature and rainfall that have a global impact. 
• For India La Nino is often a cause for concern because of its adverse impact on the South west monsoon. 
• The El Nino on the other hand is often beneficial for the monsoon especially in the latter half of the season. 
• Because of global warming the temperature of the western Pacific is influencing the effect La Nino.

News Item : ELNINO may affect the monsoon : 4-8-2017

(BUSINESS STANDARD)

The Indian Meteorological Department scaled down its full season forecast for the South west monsoon this year from normal to deficient, the first indication of a drought in several parts of the country. The Director General L.S. Rathore in an interview says though rains in August may be normal the intensity may decline in September.