The correct answer is Karl Marx.

• Friedrich Engels coined the term "scientific socialism" to separate the concepts he and Karl Marx created from other socialist doctrines, which he regarded as utopian socialism.
• The Marx-Engels teachings were considered scientific by Engels because they revealed the secret of capitalism through the discovery of surplus value and showed how capitalism will eventually be overthrown and replaced by socialism (using a theory known as historical materialism in the USSR).
• By implying that equality and the abolition of exploitation were not only desirable but also inevitable, the concept of "scientific socialism" made Marxist teachings more appealing to many than other socialist doctrines.
• In the late nineteenth century, Russia was introduced to scientific socialism.
• Scientific socialism formed part of the official philosophy of the Soviet Union after the Bolshevik victory in the civil war.

• Karl Heinrich Marx was a German philosopher, political economist, historian, sociologist, political theorist, journalist, and socialist revolutionary who lived from 1818 to 1883.
• Marx was born in Trier, Germany, and attended the universities of Bonn and Berlin to study law and philosophy.