1.

The nitro group is a very strong deactivating group Nitro benzene undergoes nitration at a rate only 10-4 times that of benzene. The nitro group is a meta-directing group. When nitrobenzene is nitratedwith nitration mixture 93% of meta substituted product is formed. Ring deactivating groups are :

Answer»

Ortho-PARA directing GENERALLY
TAKES electron from phenyl ring
gives electron to phenyl ring
INCREASE electron density at meta & para.

Solution :Ring deactivating group decrease the electron density in the aromatic ring by taking electrons.


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