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"There are three kinds of lies-lies, damned lies and statistics." Explane the statement.

Answer» Some of the reasons for the above remark "there are three lies-lie, damn lie and statistics",may\xa0be enumerated as follows :\tFigures are innocent and believable, and the facts based on them are psychologically more convincing. But it is a pity that figures do not have the label of quality on their face.\xa0\tArguments are put forward to establish certain results which are not true by making use of inaccurate figures or by using incomplete data, thus distorting the truth.\xa0\tThough accurate, the figures might be moulded and manipulated by dishonest and unscrupulous persons to conceal the truth and present a working and distorted picture of the facts to the public for personal and selfish motives.Hence, if Statistics and its tools are misused, the fault does not lie with the science of Statistics. Rather, it is the people who misuse it, are to be blamed.<br>Statistics may be considered a lie due to following reasons:(i) Different kinds of Statistics are obtained in respect to a given problem.(ii) Statistics can be altered to match the predetermined conclusions.(iii) Authentic Statistics can also be presented in such a manner as to confuse the reader.(iv) When Statistics are collected in partial manner, the results are generally wrong. Consequently, people lose faith in them.In the words of Yule and Kendall, “Statistical methods sare most dangerous told in the hands of an inexpert.”


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