There has always been a debate about the nature of management. It is always debated whether management is an art or science. Before we delve deeper into the debate, we need to understand what management really is. Basically, management is the process of dealing with or controlling things and people. It is a process of reaching organisational goals with the help of people and using the organisational resources. It is a continuous process, consisting of four basic functions – Planning, Organising, Directing and Controlling. The decision is yet to be made as to whether management is an art or science. The study of science is different from the study of art. Learning of science includes learning principles whereas art involves continuous practice. Art is subjective whereas science is objective. Art expresses knowledge whereas science is the system of acquiring knowledge. Science provides the knowledge and art involves the application of knowledge. Management is considered as science as it relates to a specific field of study that contains general facts, which explains a phenomenon. In management, there is availability of systematic and organised study material. Management principles are like scientific principles that are derived through experimentation and research. For e.g., research related to motivation and employee performance. Scientific principles lay down cause and effect relationship between variables, which is true for management also. For instance, relation between wages and productivity, lack of balance between authority and responsibility, all express the cause and effect relationship. Management also contains some fundamental principles, which can be applied universally like the principle of unity of command, Henry Fayol’s principles etc. However, management (though having a systematic body of knowledge) is not exact as that of other physical sciences like physics and biology. The main reason it is not exact is because it deals with human beings and it is very difficult to predict the human behavior accurately. The theories and principles may produce different results during different times and hence is a flexible science. Art is application of knowledge and skill to get the desired results. It is personalised application of general principles. Art requires knowledge of application. Learning of theory is not enough. For example, in order to become a good painter, the individual must know how to use brushes and paint. Similarly, a manager has to know how to apply the principles in order to become a successful manager. Management, like art, involves use of creativity. It involves the creative use of resources to achieve the desired results. Each manager adopts a management style and approach that is his own. Thus, we can say that management is an art. Management can be termed as both science and art, as it is a combination of both of these features. Science can be termed as the root of management and art as the fruit. A manager uses the organised body of knowledge that is universally accepted. He applies this knowledge and adopts his own approach in applying it; in order to achieve the desired goal. Apart from science and art, management is also termed as a profession. Profession is an occupation backed by specialised knowledge and learning. Similarly, management also requires specialised knowledge to manage people. It requires formal education and training. Professionals require compulsory registration with his association before practicing their profession. However, registration of managers with the various management associations is legally not compulsory for one to become a manager. In every profession, there is a set of ethical code that is binding for all the professionals of a specific profession. Managers are expected to follow ethical behaviour, however, they are not legally bound to follow any code of conduct.(i) What is management?(ii) Why management is considered as an art?(iii) What features are common between science and management?(iv) How does study of science differs from the study of art?(v) Give some examples based on which we can say that management is a science.(vi) Explain how management can be considered as a profession.(vii) What distinguishes management from a profession?(viii) Science is the root and art is the fruit. Explain the statement in context to the above passage.