Three elements X, Y and Z have atomic numbers 22, 40 and 72, respectively. Comment on the trend of change in ionisation potential values from X to Y and Y to Z.

Three elements X, Y and Z have atomic numbers 22, 40 and 72, respectiv

1.	Three elements X, Y and Z have atomic numbers 22, 40 and 72, respectively. Comment on the trend of change in ionisation potential values from X to Y and Y to Z.
Answer» The respective elements X,Y and Z are Ti, Zr and Hf. They belong to IVB group of 3d, 4d and 5d series of transition elements, that is, 4th period, 5th period and 6th period. As they belong to same group and the value of ionization potential decreases down the group, the same trend follows from Ti to Zr. However, the IP value of Hf is double to that of Zr. This is because of intervening lanthanide elements that cause lanthanide contraction. As there is no pronounced increase in atomic size due to lanthanide contraction, the increased nuclear charge increases the effective nuclear force of attraction drastically. Thus, there is a drastic a drastic increase in IP value.

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Three elements X, Y and Z have atomic numbers 22, 40 and 72, respectively. Comment on the trend of change in ionisation potential values from X to Y and Y to Z.

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