To return, therefore, to where I began, if your horizon goes as far as Srinagar in the North and Cape Camorin in the South, Karachi in the West and Dibrugarh in the East—as, indeed, it should—there is for you nothing for it but to learn Hindi, English, I have shown to you, cannot be our lingua franca. I have no prejudice against English. A knowledge of English is necessary for a few scholars, it is necessary for international contacts and for a knowledge of the sciences pursued in the West. But I am pained when an attempt is made to give English a place it cannot take. That attempt, I have no doubt, is bound to fail. Everything looks proper in its own place. There is a scare of which I should like to disabuse your minds. Is Hindi to be taught at the expense of Kannada? On the contrary, I claim that the more we propagate Hindi, the more shall we stimulate a study of vernaculars and even improve their power and potency. I say this from my experience of different provinces.The first and the greatest social service we can render is to revert to our vernaculars, to restore Hindi to its natural place as the national language, and begin carrying on all our provincial proceedings in our respective vernaculars and national proceedings in Hindi. We ought not to rest till our schools and colleges give us instruction through the vernaculars. It ought not to be necessary, even for the sake of our English friends, to have to speak in English. Every English civil and military officer has to know Hindi. Most English merchants learn it because they need it for their business. The day must soon come when our legislatures will debate national affairs in the vernaculars or Hindi, as the case may be. Hitherto, the masses have been strangers to their proceedings. The vernacular papers have tried to undo the mischief a little. But the task was beyond them In this ancient land of cultured thinkers, the presence in our midst of a Tagore or a Bose or a Ray ought not to excite wonder. Yet the painful fact is that there are so few of them. It is my conviction that all national activity suffers materially owing to this radical defect in our system of education.1. Which language can’t be our lingua franca?2. For what is the knowledge of English necessary?3. When is the author pained?4. What does the author claim?5. What does the author want to restore?6. What does the author hope from the legislators?7. What type of people does the author want in India?8. Write from the passage the words that mean the following—(i) to spread an idea(ii) the language spoken by a particular group.