The couple can be assisted to have children through certain special techniques known as assisted reproductive technologies 

(ART). 

1. In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) 

• In this technique egg cells are fertilized by sperm (usually 100,000 sperm / ml) outside the body in almost similar conditions as that in the body. 
• In this process Ova from the wife or donor female and sperm from husband or donor male are allowed to fuse in shallow containers called Petri dishes. (Made of glass or plastic resins) Under laboratory condition. 
• The fertilized egg (zygote) is then transferred to the patient’s uterus this called embryo transfer (E.T.), Where she provides suitable conditions for the development of embryo. 
• The baby born by this technique is called test tube baby. 

2. ZIFT ( Zygote intra fallopian transfer) 

Zygote or early embryo up to eight blastomeres is transferred into the fallopian tube. 

3. Gamete intra fallopian transfer (GIFT) 

Transfer of an ovum collected from a donor to fallopian tube of another female who cannot produce ova, but provide suitable conditions for fertilization and further development up to parturition. 

4. Intra uterine transfer (IUT) 

Embryo with more than eight blastomeres is transferred in to the uterus. 

5. Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) 

The sperm is directly injected into the cytoplasm of the ovum to form an embryo in the laboratory and then embryo transfer is carried out. 

6. Artificial insemination (AI) 

• This method is used in cases where infertility is due to the inability of the male partner to inseminate the female or due to very low sperm counts in the ejaculates. 
• In this method, the semen collected from the husband or a healthy donor is artificially introduced into the vagina or into the uterus (IUI – Intra uterine insemination).