1. Contraceptive are methods or devices which prevent conception or pregnancy. 

Non – surgical contraceptive methods: 

2. Natural method : 

It works on the principle of avoiding the chances of sperms and ovum meeting together. There are two types – periodic abstinence (physiological or rhythm method),Abstinence from intercourse during this ‘fertile period’ (danger period), i.e., between 10th and 17th day of menstrual cycle) and withdrawal method (coitus interruptus – Male partner withdrawing his penis from vagina just before ejaculation). 

3. Barrier Method : 

Barriers are contraceptives which act as mechanical obstructers and prevent the entry of semen into the fallopian tube. 

Ex: Condom, diaphragm, cervical caps, vaults, etc. 

4. Intra – uterine devices (IUDs) : 

Intra uterine device is a small flexible plastic or rubber or copper object which is inserted into the uterus to prevent conception. They may be non-medicated IUDs (e.g., Lippes loop), copper releasing IUDs (CuT, CU7, Multiload 375) or hormone releasing IUDs (progestasert, LNG – 20). They bring about contraception by different ways. 

5. oral Contraception (Hormonal method) : 

This is contraceptive method in which ‘pills’ are taken orally by females. These pills contain progestogens or progestogen – estrogen combinations that inhibit the secretion of FSH and LH and thus prevent the maturation of graafian follicle and ovulation.

6. Implants and inheritable : 

These are progestrogens or progestogen – estrogen combinations that are uses under the skin by females,. Their function similar to that of oral’ contraceptives (prevent maturation of graafian follicle and ovulation)