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| 1. |
What are electrophiles? Give one example of electrophilic substitution reaction |
| Answer» \xa0Electrophiles (Electrophilic reagents): Electrophiles are electron loving chemical species having an atom which is deficient in electrons. There are two types of electrophiles:(a) Positively charged ions or positive electrophiles: These are deficient in electrons and carry a positive charge. For example H+\xa0(hydrogen ion) H3O+(hydronium ion),\xa0\xa0(Nitronium ion),(b) Neutral electrophiles. These are electrophilic reagents in which the electron deficient atom does not carry any charge. For example AlCl3, FeCl3, BF3, SnCl4. Carbenes also act as electrophiles because the carbon in them has only six electrons.\xa0Since both positively charged and neutral electrophiles are short by a pair of electrons, they have strong tendency to attract electrons from other sources and hence behave a Lewis acids.\xa0Electrophiles always attack the substrate molecule at the point of high\xa0electron density.\xa0 | |