What are Hard Acids ?

1.	What are Hard Acids ?
Answer» (i) It includes ions of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, lighter transition metals in higher oxidation states. Ex: Ti⁴⁺, Cr³⁺, Fe³⁺, CO³⁺ and H⁺ (ii) Small size, high polarising power, high electro negativity and high positive oxidation state are the characteristic features of hard acids. (iii) Their outer electrons or orbitals are not easily distorted. Note : (i) It should be remembered that we are considering ions like Li⁺ , Na⁺ etc. These ions are highly electronegative because their subsequent ionisation energies are very high.

Answer»

(i) It includes ions of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, lighter transition metals in higher oxidation states.

Ex: Ti⁴⁺, Cr³⁺, Fe³⁺, CO³⁺ and H⁺

(ii) Small size, high polarising power, high electro negativity and high positive oxidation state are the characteristic features of hard acids.

(iii) Their outer electrons or orbitals are not easily distorted.

Note :

(i) It should be remembered that we are considering ions like Li⁺ , Na⁺ etc. These ions are highly electronegative because their subsequent ionisation energies are very high.

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