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What are Mendel’s laws of inheritance? What are the reasons to choose pea plant for his experiment? |
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Answer» Mendel’s Laws of inheritance: 1. Law of Dominance : Among a pair of closely related ‘alleles’ or factors, only one expresses itself. In the first generation as one of the allele is dominant over the other. This is called as Mendel’s Law of dominance. 2. Law of Segregation : The law of segregation states that every individual possesses a pair of alleles for any particular trait that each parent posses a randomly selected copy only one of these to its off-spring. 3. Law of Independent assortment : In the inheritance of more than one pair of characters (traits), the factors for each pair of characters assort independently of the other pairs. This is known as ‘Law of Independent assortment’. Mendel has chosen garden pea as material for his experiment because: 1. It has well developed characters. 2. It is a bisexual flower. 3. Predominently self pollinating. 4. Suitable for cross pollination. 5. It is an annual plant. -Between 1856-1863, Mendel conducted the hybridization experiments on the garden peas. During that period, he chose some distinct characteristics of the peas and conducted some cross-pollination/ artificial pollination on the pea lines that showed stable trait inheritance and underwent continuous self-pollination. Such pea lines are called true-breeding pea lines.-Mendel experimented on a pea plant and considered 7 main contrasting traits in the plants. Then, he conducted both the experiments to determine the aforementioned inheritance laws. -He selected a pea plant for his experiments: •The pea plant can be easily grown and maintained. •They are naturally self-pollinating but can also be cross-pollinated. •It is an annual plant, therefore, many generations can be studied within a short period of time. It has several contrasting characters. -Mendel conducted 2 main experiments to determine the laws of inheritance. These experiments were: •Monohybrid Cross Experiment •Dihybrid Cross Experiment -While experimenting, Mendel found that certain factors were always being transferred down to the offspring in a stable way. Those factors are now called genes i.e. genes can be called the units of inheritance. |
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