Following are the benefits of using the Aura components programming model :

• Components that come pre-assembled: Comes with a pre-installed collection of components to get you started designing apps right away. You won't have to waste time OPTIMISING your apps for various DEVICES because the components will do it for you.
• An ecosystem with a Variety of Components: Make business-ready components available through the Salesforce app, Lightning Experience, and COMMUNITIES. Users of the Salesforce app can access your components through the navigation menu. Drag-and-drop components on a Lightning PAGE in the Lightning App Builder or use Experience Builder to customise Lightning Experiences or Communities. The AppExchange has more components for your organisation. You can also publish and share your components with other users.
• Fast Development: It enables teams to work more quickly by providing out-of-the-box components that work on both desktop and mobile platforms. Using components to BUILD an app allows for parallel design, which improves overall development efficiency. Components are encapsulated, and their internals are kept private, but their public shape is visible to component users. This strong separation allows component authors to modify core implementation details while shielding component users from them.
• Cross-browser compatibility and device awareness: Apps are responsive and support the most recent browser technology, including HTML5, CSS3, and touch events.