1.

What are the factors responsible for colour of transition metal ions?

Answer»

Factors responsible for colour of transition metal ions are as follows: 

i. The presence of incompletely filled d-orbitals in metal ions. 

ii. The presence of unpaired electrons in d-orbitals. 

iii. d-d transitions of electrons due to absorption of radiation in the visible region. 

iv. Nature of groups (anions or ligands) linked to the metal ion in the compound or a complex. 

v. Type of hybridisation in metal ion in the complex. 

vi. Geometry of the complex containing transition metal ion.

Note: Colour of 3d transition metal ions:

IonOuter electronic configurationNumber of unpaired electronsColour
Sc3+3d00Colourless
Ti3+3d11Purple
Ti4+3d00Colourless
V3+3d22Green
Cr3+3d33Violet
Mn2+3d55Light Pink
Mn3+3d44Violet

 

IonOuter electronic configurationNumber of unpaired electronsColour
Fe2+3d64Pale green
Fe3+3d55Yellow
Co2+3d73Pink
Ni2+3d82Green
Cu2+3d91Blue
Cu+3d100Colourless
Zn2+3d100Colourless



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