There are two basic approaches towards conservation of bio diversity:

In situ conservation

Ex situ conservation

I. In situ conservation:

a)Biosphere reserves: Out of 425 biosphere reserves in the world, 14 are in India. Hot spots are the areas / regions of high endemism and very high levels of species richness. There are 34 hot spots in the world, of which three are in India; namely Western Ghats and Sri Lanka, Indo-Burma and Himalaya.

b) National parks and wildlife sanctuaries: India has 90 nationals parks and 448 wildlife sanctuaries.

Sacred groves: These are forest patches which were venerated and given total protection. It includes a number of rare, endangered and endemic species. 

Ex. Western Ghats, Khasi and Jaintia Hills in Meghalaya

II. Ex situ conservation: India has 35 botanical gardens and 275 zoological parks. By using Cryopreservation (-196^oC) technique, sperms, eggs, animal cells, tissues and embryos can be stored for long period. Plants are propagated by using tissue culture methods called micropropagation.