tion:Erosional Landforms DUE to Running Water1. Valleys, Gorges, CanyonAs we DISCUSSED above, valleys are formed as a result of running water.The rills which are formed by the overland flow of water LATER develop into gullies.These gullies gradually deepen and widen to form valleys.A gorge is a deep valley with very steep to straight sides.A canyon is characterized by steep step-like side slopes and may be as deep as a gorge.A gorge is almost equal in width at its top as well as bottom and is formed in hard rocks while a canyon is wider at its top than at its bottom and is formed in horizontal BEDDED sedimentary rocks.Gorge and canyon2. Potholes, Plunge poolsPotholes are more or less circular depressions over the rocky beds of hills streams.Once a small and shallow depression forms, pebbles and boulders get collected in those depressions and get rotated by flowing water. Consequently, the depressions grow in dimensions to form potholes.Plunge pools are nothing but large, deep potholes commonly found at the foot of a waterfall.They are formed because of the sheer impact of water and rotation of boulders.Potholes - erosional landform due to running waterPlunge pool - erosional landform due to running water3. Incised or Entrenched MeandersThey are very deep wide meanders (loop-like channels) found cut in hard rocks.In the course of time, they deepen and widen to form gorges or canyons in hard rock.The difference between a normal meander and an incised/entrenched meander is that the latter found on hard rocks.entrenched meander - running water EROSION4. River TerracesThey are surfaces marking old valley floor or flood plains.They are basically the result of vertical erosion by the stream.When the terraces are of the same elevation on either side of the river, they are called as paired terraces.When the terraces are seen only on one side with none on the other or one at quite a different elevation on the other side, they are called as unpaired terraces.river terraces - running water landfrom due to erosion