What do you mean by ortho and para position directional groups ? Explain ortho and para position directional effect by taking examples of any group.

What do you mean by ortho and para position directional groups ? Expla

1.	What do you mean by ortho and para position directional groups ? Explain ortho and para position directional effect by taking examples of any group.
Answer» Solution :(a) Definition : If in monosubstituted benzene if second group reactat ortho and PARA POSITION with respect to first entered group (Z) then first entered group is ortho and para DIRECTING group. `-OH, -OCH_(3), -NH_(2), -CH_(3), -C_(2)H_(5), -NHCH_(3), -NHR, -NHCOCH_(3), -NHCOR` etec. are ortho and para directing group. (b) Explanation about directional proerties of -OH groups : -OH group (Hydroxyl group) is ortho and para directing, which can be explain as follows. -OH group is present in phenol. The resonance structures of phenol is as given below.