A data model is an information schema that sorts and normalizes different information COMPONENTS and establishes relations between them. These models subsequently become tables in the database which can be retrieved and processed based on the organization’s requirements. There are three types of data models, they are:

• Conceptual data model:  This TYPE of model focuses on high-level, ABSTRACT and users view of data representation. It defines what the system contains and is created by data architects and business stakeholders. The main purpose of this model is data organization and defining the scope and business rules. Following are the characteristics of the conceptual data model:
  • This provides an overall overview of data structure in terms of business context.
  • Contains some concepts that are not required for database implementation but are required for a business for understanding the need for features in the applications.
  • Represents data needed for performing business processes and operations.
• Physical data model: In this model, we define the database schema and how the data is stored in the database PHYSICALLY. Following are the characteristics of the physical data model:
  • It describes the data required for the application. It can be integrated with different physical models depending on the scope of the application.
  • This defines relationships between different tables which addresses cardinality and nullability of relationships.
  • This model is developed for specific DBMS versions, data storage, locations or technologies used in the application.
  • This model also consists of exact data types, constraints, lengths and default values.
  • It also defines primary and foreign key references, indexes, views, profiles and authorizations.
• Logical data models: This data model lies between the conceptual and physical model and describes the logical representation of data. Following are the characteristics of the model:
  • It describes the data needs of a project and can also be integrated with other logical models depending on the scope of the application which in turn guides the physical model.
  • This data model is designed and developed independently from DBMS.
  • It also consists of attributes like data types and exact length and precisions.
  • It contains normalization processes of the model and is applied till it ACHIEVES 3NF.