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What is closed vascular system ?

Answer» \tThe vascular system consists of complex tissues, the phloem and the xylem.\tThe xylem and phloem together constitute vascular bundles.\tIn dicotyledonous stems, cambium is present between phloem and xylem, such vascular bundles because of the presence of cambium possess the ability to form secondary xylem and phloem tissues, and hence are called open vascular bundles.\tIn the monocotyledons, the vascular bundles have no cambium present in them, hence they do not form secondary tissues and they are referred to as closed vascular bundles.
All vertebrates have a closed vascular system, in which the circulatory fluid is totaly confined within the series of vessels consisting of arteries, veins and fine linking capillaries.


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